Volume 5, Dicembre 1999, Numero 4

P. Pancheri- Vol. 5, dicembre 1999, num.3

La razza dei sessi

P. Pancheri

1 Andreasen NC.
What shape are we in? Gender psychopathology and the brain.
American Journal of Psychiatry 1997;154:1637-1639.

2 Kirkpatrick B, Bryant NL.
Sexual dimorphism in the brain: it’s worse than you thought.
Biological Psychiatry 1995;38:347-348.

3 Diamond MC.
Sex and the cerebral cortex.
Biological Psychiatry 1989;25:823-825.

4 Jones FS.
Are men‘s and women’s brains different?
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5 Schatzberg AF.
The dynamics of sex: gender differences in psychiatric disorders.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1997;58(Suppl 15):3-4.

6 Hartung CM, Widiger TA.
Gender differences in the diagnosis of mental disorders: conclusions and controversies of the DSM-IV.
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7 Nasrallah HA, Andreasen NC, Coffman JA.
A controlled magnetic resonance imaging study of corpus callosum thickness in schizophrenia.
Biological Psychiatry 1986;21:274-282.

8 Hoff A, Neal C, Kushner M, DeLisi LE.
Gender differences in corpus callosum size in first-episode schizophrenics.
Biological Psychiatry 1994;35:913-9l9.

9 Allen LS, Gorski RA.
Sexual orientation and the size of the anterior commissure in the human brain.
Proceedings of the National Academy of the USA 1992;89:7199-7202.

10 Schlaepler TE, Harris GJ, Tien AY, Peng L, Lee S, Pearlson GD.
Structural differences in the cerebral cortex of healthy female and male subjects: a magnetic resonance imaging study.
Psychiatry Research 1995;61:129-135.

11 Allen LS, Hines M, Shryne JE, Gorski RA.
Two sexual dimorphic cell groups in the human brain.
Journal of Neuroscience 1989;9:497-506.

12 Breedlove SM.
Sexual dimorphism in the vertebrate nervous system.
Journal of Neuroscience 1992;12:4133-4142.

13 Murphy DGM, DeCarli C, McIntosh AR, Daly E, Mentis MJ, Pietrini P, Szczpanik J, Schapiro Ms’ Grady CL, Horwitz B, Rapoport SL.
Sex differences in human brain morphometry and metabolism: an in vivo quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography study on the effect of aging.
Archives of General Psychiatry 1996;53:585-594.

14 Gur RC, Mozley PD, Resnick S, Gottlieb GL, Kohn M, Herman G, Atlas S, Grossman R, Beretta D, Erwin R, Gur RE.
Gender differences in age effect on brain atrophy measured by magnetic resonance imaging.
Proceedings of the National Academy of the USA 1991;88:2845-2849.

15 Cowel PE, Turetsky BI, Gur RC, Grossman RI, Shtasel DL, Gur RE.
Sex differences in aging of the human frontal and temporal lobes.
Journal of Neuroscience 1994;14:4748-4756.

16 Zelinski EM, Gilewski MJ, Schaie KW.
Individual differences in cross-sectional and 3-year longitudinal memory performance across the adult life span.
Psychology and Aging 1993;8:176-186.

17 Berardi A, Haxby JV, Rapoport SI.
Asymmetries of brain glucose metabolism and memory in the healthy elderly.
Developmental Neuropsychology 1991;7:87-97.

18 Baxter LR Jr, Mazziotta JC, Phelps ME, Selin CE, Guze BH, Fairbanks L.
Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in normal human females versus normal males.
Psychiatry Research 1987;21:237-245.

19 Yoshii F, Barker WW, Chang 1Y, Loewenstein D, Apicella A, Smith D, Boothe T, Ginsberg MD, Pascal S, Duara R.
Sensitivity of cerebral glucose metabolism to age, gender, brain volume, brain atrophy, and cerebrovascular risk factors.
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20 Shaw TG, Mortel KF, Meyer JS, Rogers RL, Hardenberg J, Cutaia MM.
Cerebral blood flow changes in benign aging and cerebrovascular disease.
Neurology 1984;34:855-862.

21 Gur RC, Gur RE, Obrist WD, Hungerbuhler JP, Younkin D, Rosen AD, Skolnick BE, Reivich M.
Sex and handedness differences in cerebral blood flow during rest and cognitive activity.
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22 Gore JC.
Neuroimaging X. Functional MRI studies of language by sex.
American Journal of Psychiatry 1996;153:860.

23 Van Goozen SHM, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Gooren LJG, Frijda NH, Van de Poll NE.
Gender differences in behaviour: activating effects of cross-sex hormones.
Psychoneuroendocrinology 1995;20;343-363.

24 Gladue BA, Bailey JM.
Spatial abilities, handedness, and human sexual orientation.
Psychoneuroendocrinology 1995;20;487-497.

25 Chugani DC, Muzik O, Chakraborty P, Mangner T, Chugani HT.
Human brain serotonin synthesis capacity measured in vivo with a-[C-11]methyl-L-tryptophan.
Synapse 1998;28:33-43.

26 Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ, Roca CA.
Estrogen-serotonin interactions: implications for affective regulation.
Biological Psychiatry 1998;44:839-850.

27 Møller SE, Mortensen EL, Breum L, Alling C, Larsen OG, Bøge-Rasmussen T, Jensen C, Bennicke K.
Aggression and personality: association with amino acids and monoamine metabolites.
Psychological Medicine 1996;26:323-331.

28 Moffit TE, Brammer GL, Caspi A, Fawcett JP, Raleigh M, Yuwiler A, Silva P.
Whole blood serotonin relates to violence in an epidemiological study.
Biological Psychiatry 1998;43:446-457.

29 Michael RP, Zumpe D.
Some long-term rhythms in the sexual and aggressive behavior of nonhuman primates and humans.
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30 Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ.
Androgens, brain, and behavior.
American Journal of Psychiatry 1996;153:974- 984.

31 Selye H.
The Stress of Life.
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32 Pancheri P.
Lo stress.
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33 Paulson PE, Minoshima S, Morrow TJ, Casey KL.
Gender differences in pain perception and patterns of cerebral activation during noxious heat stimulation in humans .
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34 Davidson L, Vandongen R, Rouse IL, Beilin LJ, Tunney A.
Sex-related differences in resting and stimulated plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline.
Clinical Science 1984;67:347-352.

35 Frankenhaeuser M, Lundberg U, Rauste von Wright M, von Wright J, Sedvall G.
Urinary monoamine metabolites as indices of mental stress in healthy males and females.
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 1986;24:1521-1525.

36 Collins A, Frankenhaeuser M.
Stress responses in male and females engineering students.
Journal of Human Stress 1978;4:43-48.

37 Aslan S, Nelson L, Carruthers M, Lader M.
Stress and age effects on catecholamines in normal subjects.
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38 Rauste-von Wright M, von Wright J, Frankenhaeuser M.
Relationships between sex-related psychological characteristics during adolescence and catecholamine excretion during achievement stress.
Psychophysiology 1981;18:362-370.

39 Frankenhacaser M, Rauste von Wright M, Collins A, von Wright J, Sedvall G, Swahn C-G.
Sex differences in psychoneuroendocrine reactions to examination stress.
Psychosomatic Medicine 1978;40:334-343.

40 Kirschbaum C, Wust S, Hellhammer D.
Consistent sex differences in cortisol responses to psychological stress.
Psychosomatic Medicine 1992;54:648-657.

41 Jezová D, Juranková E, Mosnarová A, Kriska M, Skultétyová I.
Neuroendocrine response during stress with relation to gender differences.
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42 Panksepp J.
The psychobiology of prosocial behaviors: separation distress, play and altruism.
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43 Van Doornen LJP, van Blokland R.
Serum cholesterol: sex specific psychological correlates during rest and stress.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1987;31:239-249.

44 Johansson G, Laakso M-L, Karonen S-L, Peder M.
Examination stress affects plasma levels of TSH and thyroid hormones differently in females and males.
Psychosomatic Medicine 1987;49:390-396.

45 Patchev VK, Almeida OF.
Gender specificity in the neural regulation of the response to stress: new leads from classical paradigms.
Molecular Neurobiology 1998;16:63-77.

46 Frankenhaeuser M.
Psychoneuroendocrine approaches to the study of stressful person-environment transactions.
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47 Pedersen CA, Prange AJ Jr.
Oxytocin and pup-directed behavior in adult and juvenile rats.
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48 Murphy GE.
Why women are less likely than men to commit suicide?
Comprehensive Psychiatry 1998;39:165-175.

49 Kessler RC, McGonagle GA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Estleman S, e Coll.
Lifetime and twelve-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from a national comorbidity survey.
Archives of General Psychiatry 1994;51:8-19.

50 Speca A
Giornale Italiano di Psicopatologia 1999;5:00-00.

51 Prigerson HG, Slimack MJ.
Gender differences in clinical correlates of suicidality among young adults.
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1999;187:23-31.

52 Hayer G, Lund E.
Suicide among women related to number of children in marriage.
Archives of General Psychiatry 1993;50:134-137.

53 May PA.
Substance abuse and American Indians: prevalence and susceptibility.
International Journal of Addiction 1982;17:1185-1209.

54 Gold JH.
Gender differences in psychiatric illness and treatments. A critical review.
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1998;186:769-775.

55 Walker EF, Lewine RJ.
Sampling biases in studies of gender and schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia Bulletin 1993;19:1-7.

56 Goldstein, Tsuang MT.
Gender and schizophrenia: an introduction and synthesis of findings.
Schizophrenia Bulletin 1990;16:179-183.

57 Zigan JR, Daniel DG, Kleinman JE, Weinberger DR.
Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: is there really a gender effect?
Archives of General Psychiatry 1992;49:995-996.

58 Breslau N, Schultz L, Peterson E.
Sex differences in depression: a role for preexisting anxiety.
Psychiatry Research 1995;58:1-12.

59 Fava M, Abraham M, Alpert J, Nierenberg AA, Pava JA, Rosenbaum JF.
Gender differences in axis I comorbidity among depressed outpatients.
Journal of Affective Disorders 1996;38:129-133.

60 Eaton WW, Dryman A, Weissman MM.
Panic and phobia: the diagnosis of panic disorder and phobic disorder.
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61 Wittchen H-U, Essau CA, von Zerssen D, Krieg J-C, Zaudig M.
Lifetime and six-month prevalence of mental disorders in the Munichfollow-up study.
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 1992;241:247-258.

62 Bland RC, Orn H, Newman SC.
Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1988;Suppl 338:24-32.

63 Yonkers KA, Zlotnick C, Allsworth J, Warshaw M, Shea T, Keller MB.
Is the course of panic disorder the same in women and men?
American Journal of Psychiatry 1998;155:596-602.

64 Gumbiner J, Flowers J.
Sex differences on the MMPI-I and MMPI-2.
Psychological Reports 1997;81:479- 482.

65 Weich S, Sloggett A, Lewis G.
Social roles and gender difference in the prevalence of common mental disorders.
British Journal of Psychiatry 1998;173:489-493.

66 Seeman MV.
Psychopathology in women and men: focus on female hormones.
American Journal of Psychiatry 1997;154:1641-1647.

67 Joffe H, Cohen LS.
Estrogen, serotonin and mood disturbance: where is the therapeutic bridge?
Biological Psychiatry 1998;44:798-811.

68 Fink G, Summer BEH, Rosie R, Grace O, Quinn JP.
Estrogen control of central neurotransmission: effect on mood, mental state, and memory.
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 1996;16:325-344.

69 Biegon A, McEwen BS.
Modulation by estradiol of serotonin1 receptors in brain.
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70 Barton NH, Charlesworth B.
Why sex and recombination?
Science 1998;281:1986-1990.

71 Partridge L, Hurst LD.
Sex and conflict.
Science 1998;281:2003-2008.

72 Pennisi E.
A genomic battle of the sexes.
Science 1998;281:1984-1985.

73 Ryan MJ.
Sexual selection, receiver biases, and the evolution of sex differences.
Science 1998;281:1999-2003.

74 Botwin MD, Buss DM, Shackelford TK.
Personality and mate preferences: five factors in male selection and marital satisfaction.
Journal of Personality 1997;65:107-136.

75 Vogeley K, Hobson T, Schneider-Axmann T, Honer WG, Bogerts B, Falkai P.
Compartmental volumetry of the superior temporal gyrus reveals sex differences in schizophrenia-a post-mortem ttudy.
Schizophrenia Research 1998;31:83-87.

76 Nopoulos P, Flaum M, Andreasen NC.
Sex differences in brain morphology in schizophrenia.
American Journal of Psychiatry 1997;154:1648-1654.

77 Mundo E, Bareggi SR, Pirola R, Bellodi L.
Effect of acute intravenous clomipramine and antiobsessional response to proserotonergic drugs: is gender a predictive variable?
Biological Psychiatry 1999;45:290-294.

78 Braak H, Braak E.
Anatomy of the human hypothalamus (chiasmatic and tuberal region).
Progress in Brain Research 1992;93:3-14, 14-16.

79 Swaab DF, Gooren LJ, Hofman MA.
The human hypothalamus in relation to gender and sexual orientation.
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80 Swaab DF, Hofman MA.
Sexual differentiation of the human hypothalamus: ontogeny of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area.
Developmental Brain Research 1988;44:314-318.

81 Swaab DF, Holman MA, Lucassen PJ, Purba JS, Raadsheer FC, van de Nes JA.
Functional neuroanatomy and neuropathology of the human hypothalamus.
Anatomie und Embryologie 1993;187:317-330.

82 Swaab DF, Hofman MA.
Sexual differentiation of the human hypothalamus in relation to gender and sexual orientation.
Trends in Neurosciences 1995;18:264-270.